대표 이미지 및 저작권 정보(N2L)
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| 저작권자 | 국가유산진흥원 | ||
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| 공공누리 저작권 |
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| 소스코드 | <iframe width="1000px" height="480px" src="http://uci.k-heritage.tv/resolver/I801:1606003-006-V00003?t=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> | ||
관련 파일 및 자원정보(N2R)
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| 1 | THE_GRAND_HERITAGE_#53_2_영문_마스터_CHF_1280X720.mp4 | 307.31 MB |
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콘텐츠 기본 정보(N2C)
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| 제목 | (53) Hwaeomsa Temple Part 1 Serving the Two Main Buddhas | ||||||||||||||||||
| 콘텐츠 유형 | 동영상 | 언어정보 | 영문 | ||||||||||||||||
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| 관련 키워드 | 제505호;구례 화엄사;주불전;종이;지리산;보제루;각황전;대웅전;무구정광 대다라니경;보물 제132호;보물 제133호;구례 화엄사 동 오층석탑;구례 화엄사 서 오층석탑;보물 제1348호;화엄사 서오층석탑 사리장엄구;닥나무;구례 화엄사 사사자 삼층석탑;;Hwaeomsa;JirisanMountain;Gurye;Gakhwangjeon;1,300years;old Paper;Korean paper | ||||||||||||||||||
| 내용 | Let's take a look at the Hwaeomsa Temple, Serving the Two Main Buddhas and Dramatic Appearance of 1,300-year-old Paper! |
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| 대본 정보 | From the wide sky and the sun, to the wind and the clouds, every single thing in this world is the truth and the Buddha. Hwaeomsa Temple, located to the west of Nogodan Peak of Jirisan Mountain, is the center of Hwaeom Philosophy that state that everything in the world is the Buddha. But it is interesting to note that this temple serves two main Buddhas. What could be the reason? Serving the Two Main Buddhas> [Jirisan Mountain] Jirisan Mountain, which ranges over 5 provinces including Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do Provinces, have long produced many hermits and sages. Those practicing asceticism continue to seek it out because it is remote and wide. [Hwaeomsa Temple / Gurye, Jeollanam-do Province] Hwaeomsa Temple, the 1,000-year-old sacred site, lies in the dense forest of Jirisan Mountain. [Monk Yeon-gi (676-935) / Monk in the Unified Silla period] Known to be founded by Monk Yeon-gi during the Unified Silla period, this ancient temple of 1,000 years is not only famous for its age, but it also is unique in its placement of structures. When the visitors to Hwaeomsa Temple walk through the Iljumun Gate, the first thing they see is Bojeru Pavilion. [Bojeru Pavilion] Usually, Bojeru Pavilion is located in front of the main Buddhist sanctum, and it is a type of a lecture hall where Buddhist rites and sermons are held. But the first floor of Bojeru Pavilion at Hwaeomsa Temple is built low, causing people to go around it [Hwaeomsa Temple / Woljeongsa Temple] It is different from other temples which have people pass under the pavilion to reach Daeungjeon Hall. So why is this temple different? [Gakhwangjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 67] There is a deep meaning behind the placement of structures in Hwaeomsa Temple that was designed to keep people from walking under the pavilion. A structure shows up when you go around Bojeru Pavilion. It is Gakhwangjeon Hall, a grand 2-story building 17.5m long and 12.5m wide. It is the largest wooden building in Korea as well as the largest Buddhist sanctum in Korea. The interior of Gakhwangjeon Hall is also different. The bottom floor is an open space and each pillar in the sanctum is made from a log. The ceiling is shaped like a pound key and it is sloped in all directions, which is a unique style in Korea. This structure boasts of such a glamorous style because it is where the main Buddha of Hwaeomsa Temple is enshrined. [Daeungjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 299] However, there is another central Buddhist sanctum called Daeungjeon Hall. Although it is smaller in size compared to Gakhwangjeon Hall, Daeungjeon Hall also boasts of architectural beauty. The triad-Buddha enshrined here is also the main Buddha of Hwaeomsa Temple and it represents the three Buddhas in the Hwaeom Philosophy. Usually, only one Buddha is the main Buddha in temples, and they are enshrined in Daeungjeon Hall. Then why do two main sanctums, Gakhwangjeon and Daeungjeon Halls exist in Hwaeomsa Temple? [Wang Geon (918-943) / Founder and first king of Goryeo] [Gyeon Hwon (918-943) / Founder and first king of later Baekje] During the Later Three Kingdoms period, when Wang Geon and Gyeon-hwon were in opposition, Hwaeomsa Temple supported Gyeon-hwon. However, Wang Geon succeeded, so he tried to destroy Gakhwangjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple because it had been on his enemy’s side, but he was so impressed with the building that he couldn’t do it. Instead, he built Daeungjeon Hall in addition. This is how the temple came to have two main sanctums. The main problem was how to simultaneously show these two sanctums together. Bojeru Pavilion plays an important role in this. [Gakhwangjeon Hall / Bojeru Pavilion / Daeungjeon Hall / When passing beneath Bojeru Pavilion] [When going around Bojeru Pavilion] If the temple was like any other and led visitors underneath the pavilion to the main sanctum, they would only see Daeungjeon Hall. But Hwaeomsa Temple was designed to have people go around the pavilion. Doing so showed the two halls simultaneously, and going around the pavilion places the smaller Daeungjeon Hall in front of Gakhwangjeon Hall, making them look as if they’re of the same size. [Hyodae Hill] Another site has stood since the early days of Hwaeomsa Temple and watched the temple weather the storm. It Is Hyodae Hill, located on top of the 108 steps next to Gakhwangjeon Hall. [Four Lion Three-story Stone Pagoda of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 35] The Four Lion Three-story Stone Pagoda stands at the top. This stone pagoda held up by four lions is assumed to have been built in the Unified Silla period. [Unified Silla Period / The era from when Silla unified the three kingdoms to its fall (676-935)] There is a legend that these two statues were created by Monk Jajang Yulsa when he stayed at Hwaeomsa Temple to commemorate Monk Yeon-gi’s filial love for his parents. Hwaeomsa Temple embodies the Hwaeom Philosophy that state that everything in the world is the truth and the Buddha. If the mountain is high then the valleys are deep and its arms are wide. Jirisan Mountain has long been a mountain that has fostered nature and people like a mother. Hwaeomsa Temple is an ancient temple of over 1,000 years located in the arms of Jirisan Mountain. Surprising artifacts were found in the temple in 1995. Paper made in the Silla period was discovered after 1,300 years. Dramatic Appearance of 1,300-year-old Paper> [Hwaeomsa Temple / Gurye, Jeollanam-do Province] Hwaeomsa Temple is the center of Hwaeom Philosophy. The temple is full of legacies over 1,000 years old. [Daeungjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 299] Daeungjeon Hall boasts of balanced architectural beauty while Gakhwangjeon Hall is the largest wooden structure in Korea. [Gakhwangjeon Hall of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 67] Korea’s tallest stone lantern that’s over 6.4 meters high is here as well. In addition, the two pagodas standing in the directions of the east and west in front of Daeungjeon Hall are noticeable. [East Five-story Stone Pagoda of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 132] This stone pagoda standing in the direction of the east is 6.4 meters tall. It was built around the 9th century in the Unified Silla period, and it is simple and plain with no noticeable decoration. [West Five-story Stone Pagoda of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 133] However, this stone pagoda standing in the direction of the west is of the same height, but full of decorations and carvings. [Carvings of the 12 Zodiac Animal Deities] The bottom stylobate has carvings shaped like the eyes of animals and inside the eyes, the 12 zodiac animal deities were carved, showing off glamorous artistry. [Carvings of the Four Devas] The pagodas are noticeable because, although they face each other, they are completely different. There was another incident that put the pagodas under the spotlight. [West Five-story Stone Pagoda / East Five-story Stone Pagoda] When the west pagoda developed cracks, it was dismantled for repair work in 1995. While working on the pagoda, they found sarira reliquaries and over 330 artifacts in the 1st story of the main body. [Reliquaries from the West Five-story Stone Pagoda of Hwaeomsa Temple / National Treasure No. 1348] The cast of the seated bronze Buddha statue that was used to carve and color statues was also found among the artifacts for the first time in Korea. But the discovery of a bundle of paper was more surprising. The pile of paper covered in dirt was a stiff scroll stuck together from being kept in that state for over a long period of time. [The process of restoring artifacts] There is a transcription of the “Pure Light Dharani Sutra” on the scroll. ‘Dharani’ means a “spell.” [Silla Dynasty / One of the three countries of the Three Kingdoms Period that flourished around the Yeongnam region of the Korean Peninsula (BC57-AD935)] In the Silla period, people wrote Buddhist scriptures on paper and sealed it inside when building a pagoda in a wish for an easy passage into eternity. Then what is written on the paper? [Ancient temples with pagodas do not have any spirits or devils nor do they have bad animals, poisonous insects or plants.] It is the wish for an easy passage to the next world for those who died while building the pagoda and a prayer for the peace and prosperity of the nation. It is a valuable artifact that can give us information on the writing styles and production of Buddhist scriptures in the Silla period. [If there are signs of something bad happening to the country, the pagoda shows changes and makes the disaster disappear.] There were also 13 pages of printed materials showing countless pagodas. Paper with prints of pagodas like these are called ‘tabin’. [Three-story Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple (Sakyuamuni Pagoda) / National Treasure No. 21] The paper documents found in Hwaeomsa Temple were discovered to be mulberry paper just like the printed copy of the “Pure Light Dharani Sutra” found at Bulguksa Temple in 1966. [Pure Light Dharani Sutra / National Treasure No. 126-6] How did this thin sheet of paper survive for over 1,300 years? [Silla Transcription of Avatamsaka Sutra / National Treasure No. 126] The secret can be found in the record on the paper production methods in the Unified Silla period. [Source : Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art] People peeled off the bark of mulberry trees, polished it, and used it as paper in the Silla period. [Mulberry tree] Mulberry trees grow all over Korea. How long have Koreans been making paper out of these trees? [There was a temple named Daegongsa Temple in Uiryeong, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, in the Silla period. Many mulberry trees grew around the temple. While using a branch of the tree as a cane, the head monk discovered that the bark had peeled off and dried.] This means that mulberry paper was already being made and used in the Silla period and that Korea had its unique method of producing paper unlike that of China, which makes paper by mixing straw and scrub and then cutting the fibers. [It had turned into a thin member-like material so the monk peeled off layers from the branch, mashed it, and laid it over a flat rock. The peels dried tangled up into a flat sheet. This was the begging of traditional Korean paper. - From “Scene of Korea’s Folklore” by Bae Do-sik] [Traditional Chinese paper / Traditional Korean paper / Traditional Japanese paper] After the 8th century, a unique technique of making paper by beating fibers was developed. The durable and breathable traditional Korean paper was born. The people of Silla made paper using mulberry trees and wrote fervent prayers on the paper. The paper documents from the Unified Silla period that have been protected within the Hwaeomsa Temple pagoda for 1,300 years still hold the hopes and wishes of the people of Silla. |
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