대표 이미지 및 저작권 정보(N2L)
| 대표이미지 | 저작권정보 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 저작권자 | 국가유산진흥원 | ||
| 전자자원소장처 | 한국문화재재단 | ||
| 공공누리 저작권 |
 |
||
|
본 저작물은 "공공누리" 제4유형:출처표시+상업적 이용금지+변경금지 조건에 따라 이용 할 수 있습니다.
|
|||
| CCL 정보 | |||
| 소스코드 | <iframe width="720px" height="480px" src="http://uci.k-heritage.tv/resolver/I801:1606003-013-V00002?t=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> | ||
관련 파일 및 자원정보(N2R)
| 번호 | 파일명 | 파일크기 | 다운로드 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [아리랑TV] The Grand Heritage_52편 시즌4_The Grand Heritage 2_CHF_1280X1080.mp4 | 406.41 MB |
|
콘텐츠 기본 정보(N2C)
| UCI | I801:1606003-013-V00002 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 제목 | Miracle of New Construction Equipment, Suwon Hwaseong Fortress | ||||||||||||||||||
| 콘텐츠 유형 | 동영상 | 언어정보 | 영문 | ||||||||||||||||
| 생산자 정보 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
| 기여자 정보 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
| 기술 정보 |
|
||||||||||||||||||
| 관련 키워드 | 화성;거중기;정약용;수원;정조;공심돈;녹로;덕수궁;자격루;보신각;봉수대;세종;장영실;자동시보시;Hwaseong;Jeongjo;Suwon;Jeong Yak-yong;crane | ||||||||||||||||||
| 내용 | Dasan Jeong Yak-yong (정약용) studied 'Illustrated Explanations of Marvelous Machines,’ which was endowed by King Jeongjo. New construction equipment that reduced labor and maximized labor power was made. A crane customized to fit the conditions of the Joseon Dynasty, and the potter's wheel made from a wheel and a pulley were such examples. / The Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra of Deoksugung Palace is National Treasure No. 229. It is an automatic water clock. King Sejong wanted to acquire time for ourselves, and Jang Yeong-sil developed a new observational tool through much effort. The love for the people completed Joseon’s automatic time signal equipment that rung at every hour. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 대본 정보 | Sub> 5.7 km-stronghold, Suwon Hwaseong Fortress! NAR> Hwaseong was the planned city of King Jeongjo constructed on 13 hundred thousand square meters. With various dense facilities installed every 100 m for a total of 5.7 km, it boasts of a grandeur which overshadows its quality as a military fortress, and was built in only 28 months. Subtitle> Fortifications at every 100 meters including 4 gates, 5 hidden gates, 3 watch towers and 5 bastions 28-month construction period! Scientific equipment including cranes, pulleys, carts and strict wage payments were implemented, reducing the construction period from 10 years to 2 years and 4 months. NAR> The Realist School in Late-Joseon bloomed in Hwaseong when it combined with architecture. Scientific construction methods and new machinery was used to create the highlight of civil engineering. Subtitle> Combination of Realist School and Architecture Introduction of new architectural equipment CHO Seong-ho / Research curator, Suwon Hwaseong Museum We can’t even imagine how much money and labor would have been needed without such tools. NAR> The 10 year plan was carried out in 2 and a half! Suwon Hwaseong Fortress was a testing ground for Realist School of Confucianism, which achieved duration reduction. The science of Joseon is embodied in these beautiful walls. Subtitle> Secret Behind Suwon Hwaseong Fortress’s Duration Reduction Joseon’s endless challenge! Title> Miracle of New Construction Equipment Suwon Hwaseong Fortress NAR> Construction of the fortress started in Mid-January in 1794 and ended in October, 1796. Meanwhile, new construction equipment was introduced. Subtitle> Suwon Hwaseong Fortress (Constructed between Jan. 1794~Oct. 1796) UNESCO World Heritage site built as a new type of fortress during the reign of King Jeongjo NAR> Up until the Mid-18th century, construction equipment was made up of only carts moved by cows and sleds moved by people. Subtitle> Balcha (Small wagon) Pyeonggeo (Mid-sized wagon) Dongcha (4-wheeled wagon) Gupan (Logs) NAR> Dasan Jeong Yak-yong (정약용), who was thirty years old at the time, studied 'Illustrated Explanations of Marvelous Machines,’ which was endowed by King Jeongjo. New construction equipment that reduced labor and maximized labor power was made. Subtitle> Dasan Jeong Yak-yong (June 1762~February 1836) Renowned Realist scholar who compiled 18th Century Realist studies and innovator who promoted a wealthier and stronger nation Illustrated Explanations of Marvelous Machines Book written by J. Terenz to introduce 16th Century Western technology to China through machine diagrams NAR> A crane customized to fit the conditions of the Joseon Dynasty, and the potter's wheel made from a wheel and a pulley were such examples. Subtitle> Crane Pulley NAR> At the Suwon Hwaseong Museum, you can experience the crane that showcases duration reduction. Subtitle> Suwon Hwaseong Museum / Paldal-gu, Suwon NAR> The crane uses 8 pulleys to reduce the weight of the object to 1/8 of the original. It was an innovative equipment for the people who worked with heavy material. Subtitle> LEE Seong-won / Construction Educator, Suwon Hwaseong Museum When a rock is 80 kg, 1/8 of it would be 10 kg. However, since there is at the sides, you only need to lift up the weight of 5 kg each. NAR> The rock is too heavy to lift with both hands. Subtitle> - Is it heavy? - Yes, a little. NAR> However, the crane allows the rock to be lifted easily. Subtitle> JIN Hyeon-jun / 3rd grader It was heavy before, but it’s light now. This is amazing. What do you find amazing about it? The fact that such a technology existed back then. - Back then? - Yes. NAR> Dasan's crane was made up of 4 fixed upper pulleys, 4 moving lower pulleys, and linked large pulleys, enabling the easy lifting of heavy objects. Subtitle> On his self-written epitaph, Jeong Yak-yong stated that he saved 40,000 nyang in construction due to the crane. Principle of Cranes 4 fixed upper pulleys to change the direction of power and 4 moving lower pulleys to enhance power are used to lift heavy objects NAR> According to ‘Construction Records of Hwaseong Fortress,’ 7,200 kg of rock could be lifted by 30 men. One person could lift around 240 kg. It was undoubtedly the best contributor of duration reduction. Subtitle> KIM Pyeong-won / Prof., National Academy Engineering of Korea (Dept. of Korean Language Education, Incheon National Univ.) Complex pulleys unprecedented in traditional science, and the lifting of rocks by saving power. Since it was very similar to Western science, the crane has been evaluated highly as the symbol of Korea’s modernization and the symbol of Joseon Realist thought. NAR> The maximum height of the crane was 4.5 m. It was used as the transporter of heavy rocks from the quarries. Subtitle> Seobukgongsimdon Watchtower Dongbukgongsimdon Watchtower NAR> The Gongsimdon Fortification only exists in Hwaseong Fortress. It is made of a tower placed on a watchtower in order for armymen to view the outside world. It is 13 m in height. Subtitle> Exactly how were the high fortifications built? NAR> How were the unprecedentedly tall structures built at that time? Subtitle> Construction Records of Hwaseong Fortress NAR> According to 'Construction Records of Hwaseong Fortress,' the potter's wheel is also featured in many of the pages. Subtitle> Pulley Equipment used to pull up heavy objects Used in constructing fortresses or large houses in Late Joseon Dynasty NAR> An item is hung on the rope of a tall pulley, and then pulled up. Subtitle> Pulley in 1685 Pulley in 1834 Pulley in 19th Century NAR> Dasan added his own idea to this basic principle of the potter's wheel and created an entirely new one. Subtitle> KIM Pyeong-won / Prof., National Academy Engineering of Korea (Dept. of Korean Language Education, Incheon National Univ.) Previously, pulleys had only existed as frames or simple supporting forms, but Dasan’s pulley has a crane axis similar to the modern day Jib crane. It was attached to the pulley as a set. - So that’s why it got higher? - Yes, the height was enhanced. If you look at its shape, It’s similar to a modern Jib crane. NAR> This first crane in Joseon was born along with Hwaseong architecture. The length of the pole of the potter's wheel that Dasan developed was 35 cheok. That amounts to 11 meters today, and is the height of three or four-story buildings. 2 potter's wheels were used when constructing Hwaseong Fortress. When heavy rocks were lifted up, hooks pulled and positioned them, and the walls were built up steadily. Potter's wheels were useful when rocks were repositioned and girders were lifted. That is how such high fortresses could be built. Subtitle> 1970s Used as a pulley when restoring Suwon Hwaseong Fortress NAR> Potter's wheels with different sizes but same structures were made during the Suwon Hwaseong restoration project in the 1970s when building walls. Subtitle> LEE Nak-cheon / Director, Suwon Hwaseong Research Center (Participant in restoration project) Human labor was used instead of machinery, so the pulleys had to be used. If there hadn’t been any pulleys, It couldn’t have been done only by manual labor. They would have been carried on the shoulders or pulled up manually. It was thanks to the pulleys that heavy objects were lifted and moved in any way necessary. Paldalmun Gate Seobukgongsimdon Watchtower Seojangdae Bongdon Dongbuk Gangnu (Banghwasuryujeong Pavilion) NAR> Suwon Hwaseong Fotress became impregnable by giving birth to a new type of construction equipment made by science and technology. Hwaseong, a new city built by King Jeongjo, was the symbol of filial duty and the founding stone of royal politics. Subtitle> Jeong Yak-yong 22nd King of the Joseon Dynasty / King Jeongjo Chae Je-gong NAR> That is why King Jeongjo recruited Dasan Jeong Yak-yong and noted premier Chae Je-gong, leading scholars of the Realist School of Confucianism. Subtitle> Stonemasons Per Province Ganghwa-bu 17 Gaeseong-bu 42 Gyeonggi-bu 9 Chungcheong-do 11 Gangwon-do 3 Hwanghae-do 15 Jeolla-do 2 Pyeongan-do 1 NAR> According to ‘Construction Records of Hwaseong Fortress,’ Joseon's great masters gathered to Hwaseong to complete the great work of the nation. Subtitle> Moon Chun-bok 238 days NAR> There are not only records of the masters' hometowns, but also their length of work. That was becuase they were paid by the days. Considering how payment was not given to labor spent on national projects, this was a revolutionary policy. Subtitle> Records of Wages Paid Per Job Stonemason - Rice 6 units 4 jeon 5 pun Blacksmith - 8 jeon 9 pun Carpenter, Plasterer, Metal Engraver, Painter, etc. - 4 jeon 2 pun Brickmaker, Roof tile makers, etc. - Rice 3 units 2 jeon NAR> It was none other than Dasan Jeong Yak-yong's science that backed this policy. To make a single equipment, the combination of various scientific principles, tests and practicality must be combined. Young scholar Dasan did just that. Subtitle> KIM Jun-hyuk / King Jeongjo College of Liberal Arts, Hanshin Univ. Especially with the use of pulleys, carts and cranes, the rate of site accidents would reduce greatly. Changing previously thoughts and actions into new ones in order to make the lives of the people happier, is how innovation takes place. Suwon Hwaseong Fortress was made through such a spirit, leading the way to a new future. Joseon, a stong and prosperous nation where the people were happy! NAR> Architectural science that was borne out of the dream to achieve national prosperity and military power! Such dreams gathered to bloom into Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, the highlight of Joseon fortress construction. Subtitle> Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, the essence of architectural science! There was an alarm clock 500 years ago? NAR> There was a clock 500 years ago that told time automatically? The Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra of Deoksugung Palace is National Treasure No. 229. It is an automatic water clock. Subtitle> Self-Striking Clepsydra, Jagyeokru YOO Chun-dong / Dept. of History and Cultural Contents, Prof., Sun Moon University Jagyeokru wasn’t managed hourly by humans, but there is an automatic function which tells time at the right hour, so it was innovative at the time. NAR> It was lost in the reign of King Sejong, and restored during the reign of King Jungjong. What remain are the three jars and one pail! How did this automatically tell time? The secret behind its operation is revealed. Subtitle> Secret behind the operation of Jagyeokru? Complete Form of Joseon’s Precise Technology Jagyeokru National Palace Museum of Korea / Jongno-gu, Seoul NAR> In 2007, Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra was restored. Subtitle> Jagyeokru (1434, Reign of King Sejong) Korea’s first automatic clepsydra which tells time without people having to read dials NAR> The bronze water jar was linked to an automatic time signal equipment in the size of 2 by 2 meters and height of 6 meters. Sub> Jagyeokru (1434, Reign of King Sejong) Arabic style time signal device combined with clepsydra to tell time precisely NAR> The water flows through the 3-tier jars and moves the marble, and the sound of bells, gongs and drums were heard according to the hour. How was this equipment operated? Subtitle> Operation Principle of Jagyeokru Clepsydra 1. Clepsydra (Pasuho) Large pasuho, middle pasuho and small pasuho are placed in 3 tiers and filled with water that leads to the susuho 2. Susuho Water jar susuho is filled up with water and arrow floats up due to buoyancy and drops the little marble 3. Time Signal Device Small metal marble drops and passes through the pipe enabling the large marble to fall into another container to press the spoon-shaped stick which holds up the doll’s arm which in turn hits the bell NAR> First, 100 cc of water needs to flow into the 3-tiered water jars per minute. This water fills up in a regular pace, and when a specific height is reached, the buoy inside pushes the marble board and releases a small marble, which enters the equipment and moves the larger marble. The large marble falls with a stronger force than before and is connected to the time signal equipment to tell the exact time. Wooden dolls also come out according to the hour. Subtitle> Pasuho NAR> Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra is run on the principle of digital alarm clocks and the force to move bells and drums through the power of falling marbles. Let us examine the process. Water filled in the Pasuho (파수호) Water Jars flowed down to 2 Susuho (수수호) Water Jars and joined in a large pail. Subtitle> The reason why the 3 pasuhos have different water capacities is that they need to pass on the water one by one through consistent water pressure. NAR> The pressure and amount of water falling into the last pail had to be consistent. Then the buoy could float in a certain way. If the consistency was lost, the time signals would also be inaccurate. That is why a 1.5 cm-hole was made in the last jar so that water would overflow when needed. Subtitle> There are 3 jars, and pyesuho makes them overflow, they flow down from it like this. NAR> The principle of hydraulic pressure was understood and utilized 500 years ago. Subtitle> SEO Jun / Research curator, National Palace Museum of Korea So water is made to overflow from the 3rd jar with consistent pressure, and provide water to the susuho. The overflowing water trickles down to the pyesuho. That is the principle behind its ability to tell the exact time. NAR> The Susuho (수수호) water jars connect the world of water to the world of digital. As the water fills up, the pole rises up, and the small marble is dropped. This marble rolls into the copper pail connected to the automatic equipment. Subtitle> Susuho Connecting system that transforms clepsydra to digital clock A stick is installed over the buoy here. This buoy keeps track of the water inflow. When water flows in, the buoy floats up and the digits on the stick are read to tell time. NAR> The automatic time signal equipment, the core of Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra, tells time through bells, gongs and drums. Subtitle> Automatic Time Signal Device NAR> In order for that to happen, the same marble must fall at every hour, and it must also move the lever and thus the equipment. Subtitle> There is no special power used in the automatic time signal device of Jagyeokru. Through this marble release device, the small marbles are dropped to propel the large marbles, and through the principle of pulleys, the dolls are turned. The power is used when the small marble enhances the strength of the large marble, which is then used to emit sounds and energy to move the equipment. That’s the secret. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 4 chon 5 pun 2 chon 5 pun NAR> In the records of when Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra was completed, items on its size, structure and steps are clarified in detail, According to them, the large marble falls and presses the prop in the shape of a spoon, and the doll's arm moves to hit the gong. If the marble presses the prop of the second spoon, dolls according to each hour pop up from the hole. Bells were used to alert time every 2 hours, drums used every 120 minutes, and gongs used every 24 minutes. Subtitle> 12 o’clock (every 2 hours) – Bell is rung Alert of the night time – 5 gyeong 25 jeom Gyeong (every 90 minutes) – Drum is hit Jeom (every 24 minutes) – Gong is rung NAR> When the Jagyeokru Stirking Clepsydra told the time, a drum in the Street of the Six Ministries was struck to alert the bell tower. Then the beacon mound at Mt. Namsan alerted time outside of Hanyang to assist the people in planning their daily life. Subtitle> Bell Ringing System Set security system in which city walls were opened and closed at set times since the reign of King Taejong Subtitle> YOO Chun-dong / Dept. of History and Cultural Contents, Prof., Sun Moon University When it was 10 o’clock at night, a bell was rung many times to set a curfew, and when that was inaccurate, the people had a lot of complaints. Security concerns were raised over that, and when farming, time was important, but since that wasn’t accurate, there were problems. King Sejong pondered over such concerns. Jagyeokru Clepsydra was designed out of the concern for the people and the nation. SEO Jun/ Research curator, National Palace Museum of Korea Jagyeokru was made before the Cheugugi Rain Gauge, and it was an innovative device in 15th century East Asia. Even in China, there are records of similar things in the Yuan or Song Dynasty, but no clepsydras exist. 20 years after this, Leonardo da Vinci was born. This had already been made 20 years prior to his birth. It is significant in that it was made and used widely, and also that the measurement of time was made through it for the easier lives of the people using the power of such scientific equipment. NAR> King Sejong wanted to acquire time for ourselves, and Jang Yeong-sil developed a new observational tool through much effort. The love for the people completed Joseon’s automatic time signal equipment that rung at every hour. Subtitle> King Sejong who wanted to acquire our own time Joseon Engineer Jang Yeong-sil Completed through the loving mind toward the people National standard clock of Joseon Jagyeokru Clepsydra Provided by/ Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation Produced by/arirang Translation/Subtitles Arrange TV media |
||||||||||||||||||