대표 이미지 및 저작권 정보(N2L)
| 대표이미지 | 저작권정보 | ||
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| 저작권자 | 국가유산진흥원 | ||
| 전자자원소장처 | 한국문화재재단 | ||
| 공공누리 저작권 |
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본 저작물은 "공공누리" 제4유형:출처표시+상업적 이용금지+변경금지 조건에 따라 이용 할 수 있습니다.
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| 소스코드 | <iframe width="720px" height="480px" src="http://uci.k-heritage.tv/resolver/I801:1606003-013-V00007?t=3" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> | ||
관련 파일 및 자원정보(N2R)
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| 1 | [아리랑TV] The Grand Heritage_57편 시즌4_The Grand Heritage 7_CHF_1280X1080.mp4 | 294.35 MB |
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콘텐츠 기본 정보(N2C)
| UCI | I801:1606003-013-V00007 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| 제목 | Cheomseongdae Observatory, A Testimony of 1,400 Years | ||||||||||||||||||
| 콘텐츠 유형 | 동영상 | 언어정보 | 영문 | ||||||||||||||||
| 생산자 정보 |
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| 기술 정보 |
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| 관련 키워드 | 경상북도;경주;신라;첨성대;반월성;대릉원;선덕여왕;지진;내진설계;건축;Cheomseongdae;Gyeongju;Silla;Bulguksa;Seokguram;Banwolseong;Daereungwon;Seondeok | ||||||||||||||||||
| 내용 | Cheomseongdae Observatory, the first observatory in Korea and the oldest existing one in the world, is Korea’s proud cultural heritage that guards the night sky. |
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| 대본 정보 | Subtitle> Gyeongju, a city with valuable cultural heritages Cheomseongdae Observatory, the symbol of Silla Culture NAR> Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, is home to national cultural assets. ‘Cheomseongdae Observatory,’ the observation post of ancient Silla, lies at the center of it. Subtitle> KIM Myeong-sun / Cultural tour guide There is no cultural heritage in Gyeongju that has been kept in its original form. The Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto have all been repaired in some way. Only the Cheomseongdae Observatory has been kept intact in its entirety. Sub> The sturdy and beautiful Cheomseongdae Observatory Sub> The highlight of Silla architectural science NAR> Elegant curves that resemble women’s skirt helms… Sturdiness kept through layers of straight stones… What techniques are behind this structure? Subtitle> YOON Dae-sik / Research curator, National Science Museum Through the foundation work of the stereobate method, inward piling method and the placing of hashtag-shaped stones and plate stones in the uppermost part, a design that is sturdier and earthquake-resistant was completed. NAR> The extraordinary architectural science of Silla which stayed unchanged for over 1,000 years! The secret behind it is revealed now! Title> Cheomseongdae Observatory A Testimony of 1,400 Years Subtitle> Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province NAR> Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. (continue immediately) Cheomseongdae Observatory lies in the field between Banwolseong Fortress and Daereungwon Ancient Tomb Complex. Subtitle> “Cheomseongdae Observatory was made with carved stones during the reign of Queen Seondeok.” Queen Seondeok’s Prediction of Three Events, “Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms” NAR> The observatory was built during the reign of Queen Seondeok. It is not known why and how it was built, but there was a great change in Silla after its construction. Subtitle> YOON Dae-sik / Research curator, National Science Museum 100 years before the Cheomseongdae Observatory, there were about 7 astronomical observation records. But after the Cheomseongdae Observatory was built, the records grew to become 33 over 100 years. After the Cheomseongdae Observatory was built, phenomena regarding meteors or planets, that is, astronomical observation records written by expert astronomers were produced. In that aspect, the Cheomseongdae Observatory functioned as an astronomical observatory. NAR> The observatory was the tool to observe Silla’s night sky. How were observations made? The observatory has a structure made up of 3 parts. A square stereobate as its base, a cylindrical body, and two layers of stones arranged in the shape of a hashtag. The 27 tiers of its body represent the moon’s revolution period and 27th monarch Queen Seondeok. The overall 31 tiers represent the days in a month. And the 365 stones that make up the structure represent a year. Could these numbers have been coincidental? Subtitle> KIM Jang-hoon / Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering There is no historical evidence that the several numbers, the dynamics between them, the meanings behind them, the circumference ratio, change ratio and curvature ratio were intricately planned, but such circumstances have been studied and revealed by the later generations of researchers including myself. NAR> The observatory is filled with secret codes of the Silla people. How did the observations take place? According to records, people entered through the window and observed the stars. Subtitle> Uisang 1, Sangwigo Book 2, “A Revised Compendium of Documents” “Cheomseongdae Observatory was built in the 16th year of Queen Seondeok (647). Stones were carved and stacked. The upper part is square and the lower part is round. It is about 6.3 meters, and the interior is open, so people enter and climb it for astronomical observation.” NAR> There is a window at the center. It faces south, so it is called the ‘South Window,’ and it is 1 meter each in length and height. Subtitle> KIM Myeong-sun / Cultural tour guide If you look at the window, you will notice that there is a gap on either side of it. Those gaps were used to hold the ladder. If you use the ladder to climb inside, there are stone slabs half-way in on the top. If you climb the halves of those stone slabs, you can see that the other halves have gaps to hold wooden boards. Then the area is transformed into a large platform with a width of 5.3 m². That allows two or three astronomers to sit and observe the sky. Why was Cheomseongdae Observatory’s shape and structure made this way? NAR> Why did the entrance have to be so high up? Could this entrance hold the secret behind its1,000 years of history? The inside of the south window was not hollow. Soil and gravel were piled all the way to the windowsill, and the insides of the bricks were stacked without being trimmed. Climbing up the long rectangular stone that cuts across the interior, you can reach the hashtag-shaped stones. After climbing these rough stones, observation was made at the top of the hashtag-shaped stones. Why was an observatory that would be used at night made in such a complex and uncomfortable structure? Moreover, the observatory is made of granite. Each stone is 30cm in length, weighing 50 to 870kg. It must not have been easy to build a 9-meter-circular-structure with these stones. So why was it made into its current shape despite such difficulties? Sub> Why was Cheomseongdae Observatory’s shape and structure made this way? Subtitle> YOON Dae-sik / Research curator, National Science Museum According to ancient records, there were nationwide earthquakes in the Three Kingdoms Period. But earthquakes over 7 on the Richter scale were concentrated in Silla’s territory. So earthquake-resistant designs to endure against such disasters were mandatory when building structures. NAR> This was Silla’s design technique, which was strong against earthquakes, and the secret behind how the Cheomseongdae Observatory survived for over 1,000 years. The first earthquake-resistant technique was the soil scaffold method. Subtitle> KIM Jang-hoon / Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering The soil scaffold method was definitely not a new one. It was already speculated as one of the many supposed methods behind the construction of the pyramids. I argued that the Cheomseongdae Observatory was also built with the same construction method. The soil scaffold method made the ground for the Cheomseongdae Observatory consolidated. That is, gravel and thick stones formed a sturdy base, and then the stereobate was added. Soil was piled up with an incline up to the height of the stereobate. Two, three and four tiers were stacked up, and the area of the soil that piled up grew wider, forming a hill with a gentle slope and a tall height. The soil was piled up more. Then the height of the observatory increased and the soil scaffold was made into a huge hill, thus the hashtag-shaped stones could be placed on the uppermost part of the observatory. NAR> Later on, the soil was eliminated, but the soil below the south window were kept intact. The soil of 12 tiers formed the center of gravity. Subtitle> KIM Jang-hoon / Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering With the soil scaffold method, an easier way to construct the Cheomseongdae Observatory than its inherent structural advantage was utilized. And the unstable factors that could hinder its construction may have been corrected by the soil scaffold. NAR> The second earthquake-resistant technique is the inward piling method. The lower part is made of heavy and long stones, and the upper part is made of small and light stones piled up by being moved backwards little-by-little. The curves created through this method enable the flow of strength to reach the center. Subtitle> Inward piling method Method used in constructing castle walls, stone work and stereobates by piling inward as the structure grows higher Sub> YOON Dae-sik / Research curator, National Science Museum The foundation work was strong, and as it grew taller, the piling inward method was used for the sturdy interlocking of stone and stone, thus creating the structural dynamics that endured for 1,400 years. Sub> Hashtag-shaped stones, another secret structure of the Cheomseongdae Observatory NAR> The third earthquake-resistant technique is the hashtage-shaped stones. It is the secret structure that protected the Cheomseongdae Observatory for 1,400 years. Subtitle> Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) KOCED Geo-Centrifuge Center / Yuseong-gu, Daejeon NAR> In 2012, KAIST executed an earthquake-resistant test with a 1/50 scale model to check the safety level of the Cheomseongdae Observatory. Subtitle> PARK Heon-joon / Research Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST One model was without the binyeo hairpin stones and hashtag-shaped stones. The second model was close to the original, and earthquakes of a similar level were simulated in order to compare the different movements. NAR> The results of the test using a centrifuge for the earthquake effects, saw the model without the stones crumbling altogether. Subtitle> Model without binyeo hairpin stones or hashtag-shaped stones Crumbles at peak ground acceleration of 0.3 g Model with binyeo hairpin stones and hashtag-shaped stones Stays unharmed at peak ground acceleration of 0.35 g NAR> On the other hand, the model with the stones shook a little, but stayed intact. Subtitle> PARK Heon-joon / Research Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST It is so much more than what we see on the surface in passing. It might be misleading to say that it was built by our ancestors to resist earthquakes, but the engineering skills of the ancient stages were definitely reflected in it. What is certain is that its many materials, and its 380 or so masonry structures enabled it to bear an immense amount of weight laterally. NAR> The Cheomseongdae Observatory was made sturdier through the hashtag-shaped stones that held the curve in place. Subtitle> Model with binyeo hairpin stones and hashtag-shaped stones Model without binyeo hairpin stones or hashtag-shaped stones NAR> It is a structure with a three-fold earthquake resistant mechanism. Were there that many earthquakes back in Silla 1,400 years ago? Subtitle> Year 779, “History of the Three Kingdoms” “There was an earthquake in Gyeongju, so houses fell down and about 100 people were killed.” NAR> Over 100 casualties were made from the Gyeongju earthquake in the year of 779. That is why this observatory was built with earthquake-resistant techniques. Subtitle> Year 1643, “The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty” “The ground cracked and water gushed out.” NAR> In 1643, the ground cracked and water gushed out, and in 1454, walls and houses fell down and crushed people to death. Subtitle> Year 1454, “The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty” “The walls and houses fell down and numerous people were crushed to death.” NAR> But the Cheomseongdae Observatory stayed intact for 1,400 years. Subtitle> The Cheomseongdae Observatory stays intact for 1,400 years YOON Dae-sik / Research curator, National Science Museum When viewed from a modern standpoint, the Cheomseongdae Observatory isn’t exceptional. However, seeing that we had to adopt the calendar and astronomy systems of China before it, Silla’s creation of the Cheomseongdae Observatory to make our own astronomical observations, make records of our own constellations and form our own astronomical observation legacy, was the starting point of such a significant historical event. NAR> Cheomseongdae Observatory, the first observatory in Korea and the oldest existing one in the world, is Korea’s proud cultural heritage that guards the night sky. Subtitle> Guardian of the night sky Cheomseongdae Observatory Product of 1,000-year-old Silla’s resplendent architectural science NAR> Cheomseongdae Observatory, embedded with the resplendent architectural science of Silla, stands strong against the sky in the middle of Gyeongju. Provided by/ Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation Produced by/arirang Translation/Subtitles Arrange TV media |
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